Typical yield
15.0 t/ha
Varieties
3
Pest/Disease
6
Seasons
4
Profile
- Growth habit
- tree
- Lifecycle (days)
- Perennial (juvenile 3–6 yrs)
- Primary uses
- Fresh fruit; processed (chips, flour); timber; fodder (leaves)
- Pollination
- insect
- Origin / distribution
- South/Southeast Asia; grown in humid tropics incl. East Africa
Environment
Climate
Temp optimal
24–32 °C
Rain optimal
1200–2400 mm/yr
Altitude
0–1500 m
Soil
pH optimal
6–7
Soil type
Deep, well-drained loam/sandy loam; rich organic matter
Farmer Guide
Row spacing
900 cm
Plant spacing
900 cm
Depth
5 cm
Seed rate
kg/ha
Nursery days
90
Planting: Plant grafted seedlings at onset of rains in large pits (e.g., 60×60×60 cm) with compost. Stake young trees; mulch and weed circles.
Transplanting: Handle root ball gently; avoid bending taproot; plant at same collar height.
Irrigation: Keep moist during establishment and dry spells; critical at flowering/fruit set.
Fertigation: Split N and K into small doses during active growth; avoid heavy late N.
Pest scouting: Monitor fruit borers, mealybugs, scale/sooty mold; prune for airflow; remove infested fruits.
Pruning/Training: Formative prune to 3–4 scaffold branches at 1–1.2 m; maintain open canopy.
Harvest: Harvest when fruit spines flatten and aroma develops; cut with 10–15 cm peduncle; handle carefully.
Postharvest: Shade-cool; avoid latex stains; consume/process promptly; short ambient shelf life.
Nutrient Schedule
| # | Stage | DAP | Product | Rate | Targets (kg/ha) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Basal (at planting) | 0 | Compost + NPK 17-17-17 | 3 t/ha + 150 kg/ha | N: —, P₂O₅: —, K₂O: — | Pit-mix compost; light NPK away from roots |
| 2 | Topdress 1 | 90 | CAN 26% N | 60 kg/ha | N: —, P₂O₅: —, K₂O: — | Establishment boost; irrigate after |
| 3 | Topdress 2 | 180 | MOP (KCl) | 60 kg/ha | N: —, P₂O₅: —, K₂O: — | Support canopy and future fruiting |
| 4 | Pre-flowering | 365 | NPK 15-9-20 (or similar) | 120 kg/ha | N: —, P₂O₅: —, K₂O: — | Higher K for fruiting |
Nutrient Requirements
| Nutrient | Stage | Amount | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | Basal | 40 | kg/ha |
| P₂O₅ | Basal | 30 | kg/ha |
| K₂O | Basal | 40 | kg/ha |
| N | Early_growth | 30 | kg/ha |
| K₂O | Early_growth | 20 | kg/ha |
| N | Fruiting | 40 | kg/ha |
| K₂O | Fruiting | 40 | kg/ha |
Images
| Name | Country | Maturity | Traits |
|---|---|---|---|
| Local Jackfruit | KE | 1200 | Large fruits |
| Grafted sweet type (generic) | KE | 1460 | Early bearing; sweet bulbs; manageable canopy |
| Firm-flesh type (processing) | TZ | 1825 | Good chips/flour; large fruits |
| Stage | Product | Rate (kg/ha) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basal | Compost/manure (well-decomposed) | 3000 | Pit incorporated at planting |
| Basal | NPK 17-17-17 | 150 | Light dose; away from stem |
| Topdress | CAN 26% N | 60 | ~3 months after planting |
| Topdress | MOP (KCl) | 60 | ~6 months after planting |
| Fruiting | NPK high-K (e.g., 15-9-20) | 120 | Before flowering/fruit set |
| Name | Type | Symptoms | Management |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fruit borer | pest | Bored fruits | Bag young fruits; sanitation |
| Fruit borer (carpophagous moth/borer) | pest | Bored fruits; premature drop | Sanitation; bagging; timely harvest; rotate actives if spraying |
| Mealybugs & scale (with sooty mold) | pest | Honeydew, black mold on leaves/fruits | Control ants; prune; oils/soap or selective insecticides |
| Fruit fly (Tephritidae) | pest | Stings; maggots in pulp | Bait traps; field sanitation; bagging |
| Anthracnose | disease | Leaf/fruit spots; rots postharvest | Prune for airflow; avoid overhead irrigation; protectants if severe |
| Stem/foot rot (Phytophthora) | disease | Cankers; collar rot; dieback | Well-drained sites; avoid injuries; copper paints on wounds |
| System | Typical | Min | Max | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| orchard | 15 | 8 | 25 | |
| rainfed orchard (low density) | 12 | 8 | 18 | Mature trees; 80–120 trees/ha |
| irrigated/improved (medium density) | 18 | 12 | 30 | Good management; pruning & nutrition |
| Country | Region | Planting | Harvest |
|---|---|---|---|
| KE | Coastal & low-mid altitude (long rains) | Mar–Apr | Year-round once mature |
| KE | Coastal & low-mid altitude (short rains) | Oct–Nov | Year-round once mature |
| UG | Central/wet zones | Mar–Apr | Year-round once mature |
| TZ | Coast & Northern zones | Mar–Apr | Year-round once mature |
| Country | Region | Suitability |
|---|---|---|
| KE | Arid/semi-arid with poor irrigation | Low |
| KE | Coast; Lake Basin; mid-altitude humid | High |
| KE | Coastal/low mid-altitudes | High |
| KE | High, cool highlands (>1800 m) | Low |
| TZ | Coastal belt; Morogoro; Kilimanjaro foothills | High |
| UG | Central; Lake Victoria basin | High |